Artery occlusion or stenosis of the symptoms of retinopathy, retinal artery occlusion or stenosis of the symptoms of disease is

artery occlusion or stenosis, retinopathy which performance and how to diagnose?  

carotid artery occlusion or stenosis based, unilateral or bilateral, and the severity of obstruction have different clinical manifestations.

1. a transient amaurosis (amaurosis fugax) Many eye diseases can produce a transient amaurosis, but this is the carotid artery occlusion or stenosis of the most common symptoms, Hollenhorst reported 124 cases, 50 people in attacks, the report the incidence rate of carotid artery occlusion of 30% to 40%, and even reported a transient amaurosis check all patients with carotid artery occlusion and stenosis with its clinical features are sudden painless monocular vision loss, starting like a black veil cover the front, from the top down or bottom-up suddenly blind, a few seconds or 1min or so, there were up to several minutes, usually after the onset of visual acuity returned to normal, the frequency of seizures began 1 or 2 times a month, after the attack frequently, a daily 10 to 20 times.

2. hypoperfusion retinopathy, also known as low pressure retinopathy (hypotensive retinopathy), the ophthalmic artery chronic hypoperfusion, caused by retinal arterial pressure produced by long-term reduction of retinopathy, the incidence rate of carotid artery occlusion or stenosis of 5 % to 12%, a slight drop in the early vision and late complications or decreased visual acuity, field of vision can occur ipsilateral hemianopia, ERG b-wave reduced inspection, fundus examination: Normal disc early and late as insufficiency, optic atrophy, optic disc color pale, macular or central light reflex normal, serious cases of lack of oxygen leading to increased capillary permeability around leaving macular macular edema and thickening of the retina, retinal artery initially normal or slightly expanded, late thinning, retinal central arterial blood pressure , Gently press the eye can see with your fingers disappear arterial blood flow, central aortic pressure measurements eyes, suffering from eye than the eye health by 25% to 50%, intravenous tortuous expansion, the color darkens, severe blood column segment was like, visible red blood cells flow in blood vessels, telangiectasia formation of capillary hemangioma, posterior pole retinal cotton wool spots, flame-shaped dot-like bleeding and bleeding, severe cases of lack of oxygen leading to increased permeability of capillaries around the macula and the formation of macular retinal edema and thickening, severe ischemia who may have advanced optic disc or retinal neovascularization.

3. ocular ischemic syndrome affecting the eye for any reason, blood circulation, can cause ocular ischemic syndrome, including the anterior segment and posterior segment ischemia and ischemia, posterior segment ischemia resulting hypoperfusion retinopathy , ischemic optic neuropathy and chorioretinopathy, etc., before the section called anterior ischemic ischemic syndrome (anterior segment ischemic syndrome), causing eye syndrome causes ischemia: violation of aortic vascular disease, carotid or ophthalmic artery lead to vascular occlusion; retinal detachment surgery excessive coagulation of the ciliary vascular injury, particularly long posterior ciliary artery damage; or retinal detachment, eye muscle surgery, cut off three or more affected eye of the rectus muscle blood supply; or orbital lesions affecting the eye blood circulation, the carotid artery occlusion or stenosis of the eye caused by ischemia syndrome, usually associated with bilateral carotid artery disease, ischemic syndrome can be unilateral or bilateral disease, but often a light one heavy, according to the degree of ischemia, the symptoms can be gradual or sudden as issued, except for retinal changes in this syndrome, there are signs of anterior segment ischemia, such as conjunctival edema, corneal epithelial edema and substance , can form large bubbles and corneal erosion, iris and ciliary body produces ischemic uveitis, anterior chamber with cells floating, flashing positive, iris necrosis caused by the limitations of pupil distortion, due to the secretion of aqueous components affected can lead to lens opacity, chronic ischemia can lead to retinal, iris and angle neovascularization, which occurs around the anterior synechia, angle-closure to the formation of neovascular glaucoma, and finally often leads to ocular atrophy.

carotid artery occlusion or stenosis in addition to the above-mentioned fundus and anterior segment of the symptoms, they can still have other eye symptoms, such as eye and orbital pain, eye protrusion, or produce Horner syndrome of ptosis and miosis, etc., may have symptoms of carotid pulse weakened or disappeared in 72% of patients with carotid murmur could be heard, and there brain symptoms such as paroxysmal dizziness, recurrent contralateral hemiplegia, sensory function reduce temporarily the language barrier, or generated outside the cerebral vascular different psychiatric symptoms similar to Alzheimers disease, these patients often also have high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes or increased blood viscosity and blood lipids and so on.

based on history, eye examination, and carotid artery checks, such as a transient amaurosis, low retinopathy, contralateral hemiplegia, decreased carotid pulse and auscultation noise and other signs, diagnosis is not difficult, but it should be noted that a high degree of neck artery stenosis murmur clear, completely blocked the noise disappears.